What does the term 'differential diagnosis' mean?

The term 'differential diagnosis' refers specifically to the process of distinguishing a particular disease or condition from others that present with similar clinical features. This is a crucial step in clinical assessment, as many diseases can share overlapping symptoms, making accurate diagnosis vital for appropriate treatment. By systematically evaluating and ruling out other potential conditions, healthcare professionals can hone in on the specific illness affecting a patient.

For instance, a patient presenting with chest pain could have a range of conditions, including a heart attack, pulmonary embolism, or even gastroesophageal reflux disease. Each of these shares the symptom of chest pain but requires different approaches to treatment. The process of differential diagnosis involves considering these possibilities, conducting tests, and analyzing the clinical presentation to arrive at the most accurate diagnosis.

This understanding is fundamental for practitioners, as it guides them in making informed decisions that directly influence patient care and management.